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  One of d most memorable case studies on Japanese management was d case of d empty soap box, which happened in one of Japans biggest cosmetics companies. D company recieved a complaint that a consumer had bought a soap box that was empty. Immediately d athorities isolated d problem to d assembly line, which transported all d packaged boxes of soap to d delivery department. For some reason, one soap box went through d assembly line empty. Management asked its engineers to solve d problem. Poste-haste, d engineers worked hard to devise a X- ray machine with high-resolution monitors manned by 2 people to watch all d soap boxes that passed through d line to make sure thy were not empty. No doubt, they worked hsrd n fast but they spent whoope amount of to do so. But when a rank-n-file emloyee in a small company was posed withn d same proble, he did not get into d complications of X-ray, etc. but instead came out with another solution. He bought a strong industrial electric fan n pointed it at d assembly line. He switched the fan on, n as each soap box passed d fan, it simply blew d empty boxes out of line .
  
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  When NASA began d launch of astronauts into space, they found out that d pens wouldnt work at zero gravity(Ink wont flow down to d writting surface ). In order to solve this problem, it took them them one decade n $12 million. They developed a pen that worked at zero gravity, upside down, underwater, in practically any surface including crystal n in a temperature range from below freezing to over 300 degree . N what did the Russsians do??They used a pencil!!

Moral of the story: "KEEP IT SHORT N SIMPLE" i.e.always look for simple solutions. Devise the simpelst possible solutions thst solves the problem. So, learn to focus on solutions not on problems.